No International Searching Authority is required to perform an international search where the international application relates to the subject matter listed above. Because one of the primary advantages of filing an international application is that a thorough search and examination will provide some assurance that national applications will be successful, an applicant may be well advised not to file an international applicant if the subject matter falls into one of the above areas. If the USPTO conducts the international search and/or examination, however, it will search and examine all subject matter searched and examined in U.S. national patent applications.